There are over 100 words for the noise a dog makes, in more than 60 languages, according to the work of psychologist Stanley Coren. These range from “ouah-ouah” in France to others less recognisable to English speakers, such as “hong-hong”, apparently, in Thailand. Of course, these differences only reflect the languages of the countries in question, and are nothing to do with the animals themselves.
What’s less widely recognised is that genuine differences can exist in the sounds some wild animals make to communicate, even in different parts of the same country. Song birds such as chaffinches, for example, can show regional differences in the calls they make. This might help to distinguish neighbours from outsiders.
Michael McCarthy | Scoop InfoPages scoop.co.nz - get the latest breaking news, showbiz & celebrity photos, sport news & rumours, viral videos and top stories from scoop.co.nz Daily Mail and Mail on Sunday newspapers.
Tarawera Ultramarathon | Scoop InfoPages scoop.co.nz - get the latest breaking news, showbiz & celebrity photos, sport news & rumours, viral videos and top stories from scoop.co.nz Daily Mail and Mail on Sunday newspapers.
Kulkarni, Harvey, Prybylski, Jalloh); Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (
Kulkarni, Harvey) The need to understand the drivers of global vaccine hesitancy is perhaps more crucial than ever as the world gears up to introduce COVID-19 vaccines. Recent outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) around the globe have been partly attributed to a rise in vaccine hesitancy, thereby highlighting the significance of caregivers decision to delay or refuse vaccines for their children. Since 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) member states have been annually reporting vaccine hesitancy reasons on the WHO/United Nations Children s Fund (UNICEF) Joint Reporting Form (JRF). The Vaccine Hesitancy Matrix (VHM), developed by the WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) Vaccine Hesitancy Working Group, can serve as a tool to categorise vaccine hesitancy reasons reported in the JRF. This paper explores the reasons for vaccine hesitancy reported globa